The federal government owns or controls about 640 million acres of land in the United States, about 28 percent of the total land area of 2.27 billion acres. The Department of the Interior (DOI) is responsible for managing nearly 500 million acres of land, or one in every five acres of land in the United States. The U.S. Forest Service, part of the Department of Agriculture (USDA), manages about 192.9 million acres of national forests. Most of the public lands that DOI manages are located west of the Mississippi River in 11 western states and Alaska. Although Forest Service holdings are mostly in the Western United States, it also manages about 60 percent of all federal lands in the Eastern United States. Of the nearly 27 million acres of land that the Department of Defense (DOD) manages, it owns 11.4 million acres, about two percent of all federal land. Together, DOI, USDA, and DOD manage 97 percent of federal land.
Federal lands and assets play a critical role in telecommunications networks – through rights-of-way across lands and siting equipment on lands and buildings. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) deploying or expanding a wireline or wireless network in rural American may need to work with several federal and state agencies to secure the permits and authorizations needed to deploy broadband infrastructure.
Multiple federal property-holding agencies must approve the placement of facilities on their lands and buildings, and often negotiate lease agreements with those seeking access.
As noted, the major land and property holding agencies include:
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
- Forest Service (FS)
- Rural Development (RD)
- Department of Commerce (DOC)
- National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
- General Services Administration (GSA)
- Department of Defense (DOD)
- Air Force (AF)
- Army
- Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE)
- Department of the Navy (DON)
- Department of Interior (DOI)
- Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
- Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation)
- National Park Service (NPS)
- U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFW)
- Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
Other Relevant Agencies:
- Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP)
- Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- Southwestern Power Administration (SWPA)
- Bonneville Power Administration (BPA)
- Southeastern Power Administration (SEPA)
- Western Area Power Administration (WAPA)
- Department of Transportation (DOT)
- Federal Highways Administration (FHWA)
- Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
- Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
- Permitting Council
- FirstNet Authority